Space Programme of India
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| Space Programme of India |
● The Indian Space Programme was launched in 1962 when the Indian National Committee for Space Research was formed. To this were added the Indian Space Research Organisation in 1969 and the Space Commission and Department of Space in 1972. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is responsible for the planning, execution and management of space research activities and space application programmes.
● The ISRO has headquarters in Bengaluru.
● India’s first satellite communication Earth station was set up at Arvi near Pune. The first Indian Satellite Aryabhatta was launched on 19th April 1975 from Baikonur (erstwhile USSR). The first Indian Remote Sensing Satellite was launched on 17th March 1988.
● The first Indian Communication Satellite, APPLE was launched on 19th June 1981 from Kourou in French Guyana (South America). It was the first Indian satellite that was placed in geostationary orbit. ISRO Establishments SHAR Centre, Sriharikota
● It is located on the East coast of Andhra Pradesh, SHAR is the main launch centre of ISRO. This centre also undertakes large scale production of solid rocket propellant and ground testing of solid fulled rocket stages of the Indian launch vehicles. In September 2002, the Sriharikota Space Centre was renamed Professor Satish Dhawan Space Centre. ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC)
● It has headquarters and Spacecraft Control Centre at Bengaluru and a network of ground stations at Sriharikota, Thiruvananthapuram, Bengaluru, Lucknow, Car Nicobar and Mauritius. The ISTRAC provides Telemetry, Tracking and Command (TTC) support for the launch vehicles and satellite missions of ISRO and for other space agencies. Master Control Facility
● It is located at Hassan in Karnataka and Bhopal in Madhya Pradesh, is responsible for all post-launch operations of INSAT satellites including orbital manoeuvres, station keeping and in-orbit operations on the spacecraft. ISRO Inertial Systems Unit (IISU)
● It is located in Thiruvananthapuram, carries out the development of inertial systems for both satellites and launch vehicles. Space Applications Centre (SAC)
● It is located in Ahmedabad, is ISRO’s research and development centre for conceiving, organising and building systems for practical applications of space technology. The major fields of activity cover satellite communication, remote sensing, meteorology and geodesy. Physical Research Laboratory (PRL)
● It is located in Ahmedabad under the Department of Space and is the premier national centre for research in space and allied sciences. National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA)
● It is located in Hyderabad under the Department of Space, has facilities for surveying, identifying, classifying and monitoring Earth resources using serial and satellite data. Development and Educational Communication Unit (DECU)
● Its headquarters is located in Ahmedabad it is involved in the conception, definition, planning and socio-economic evaluation of space application programmes. Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC)
● It is located in Thiruvananthapuram, is the leading centre for launch vehicle development and it pioneers in rocket research and planning and execution of launch vehicle development projects. ISRO Satellite Centre (ISAC)
● It is located in Bengaluru, is responsible for the design, fabrication, testing and management of satellite systems for scientific, technological and application missions. National Atmospheric Research Laboratory
● At Gadanki near Tirupathi, is used by scientists for carrying out atmospheric research. Laboratory for Electro-Optics Systems (LEOS)
● It is located in Bengaluru and is engaged in the design, development and production of Electro-Optic sensors and camera optics for satellites and launch vehicles. The sensors include star trackers, Earth sensors, Sun sensors and processing electronics. Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC)
● It is located at Thiruvananthapuram and Bengaluru. The LPSC undertakes research, development and testing of liquid propulsion systems for ISRO’s launch vehicle and satellite programmes. The Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS)
● It is located in Dehradun, is a premier training and education institute dealing with Remote Sensing, Geoinformation Science and GPS Technology and their Applications. North Eastern-Space Applications Centre (NE-SAC)
● It is located at Umiam (near Shillong), Meghalaya. The centre has the mandate to develop high technology infrastructure support to enable North-East states to adopt space technology inputs for their development. Regional Remote Sensing Service Centres (RRSSCs)
● Five RRSSCs have been established by the DoS at Bengaluru, Jodhpur, Kolkata and Nagpur. RRSSCs support the various remote sensing tasks specific to Their regions as well as at the national level.
Navik
■ Navigation with the Indian Constitution is India’s indigenous global navigation satellite system.
■ The Constitution consists of 3 geostationary and 4 geosynchronous satellites.
■ It is designed as a replacement for U.S. based GPS and to provide position information in the Indian region and 1500 km around the Indian mainland.
Satellite Date Launch Vehicle Place Type
Aryabhatta 19th April 1975 Cosmos Baikonur Experimental
Bhaskara I 7th June 1979 Cosmos Baikonur Earth Observation
Rohini 10th August, 1979 S L V-3 Sriharikota Experimental
Rohini D1 31st May, 1981 S L V-3 Sriharikota Earth Observation
Apple 19th June, 1981 Ariane Kourou Communication
Bhaskara II 20th November 1981 Cosmos Baikonur Earth Observation
INSAT-IA 10th April 1982 Delta America Communication
IRS-IB 29th August 1991 Vostok Baikonur Earth Observation
INSAT 2A 10th July 1992 Ariane-4 Kourou Communication
INSAT 2B 23rd July, 1993 Ariane-4 Kourou Communication
INSAT-3B 22nd March, 2000 Ariane-5 Kourou Communication
GSAT-1 18th April 2001 GSLV-D1 Sriharikota Communication
INSAT-3A 10th April, 2003 Ariane-5 Kourou Communication
GSAT-2 8th May 2003 GSLV-D2 Sriharikota Communication
EDUSAT 20th September 2004 GSLV-F01 Sriharikota Communication
CARTOSAT 1 5th May 2005 PSLV-C6 Sriharikota Earth Observation
HAMSAT 5th May 2005 PSLV-C6 Sriharikota Communication
AGILE 23rd April 2007 PSLV-C8 Sriharikota Astronomy
Tech SAR 21st January 2008 PSLV-C10 Sriharikota Surveillance
IMS-1 28th April 2008 PSLV-C9 Sriharikota Earth Observation
CHANDRAYAAN-1
22nd October, 2008 PSLV-C11 Sriharikota Moon Mission
OCEANSAT-2 23rd September 2009 PSLV-C14 Sriharikota Earth Observation
CARTOSAT-2B 12th July 2010 PSLV-C15 Sriharikota Earth Observation
GSAT-5P 25th December 2010 GSLV-F06 Sriharikota Communication
RISAT-1 26th April 2012 PSLV-C19 Sriharikota Radar Imaging
YOUTHSAT 20th April 2011 PSLV-C16 Sriharikota Experimental/Small Satellite
RESOURCESAT-2 20th April 2011 PSLV-C16 Sriharikota Earth Observation Satellite
GSAT-8 21st May, 2011 Ariane-5 VA-202 Kourou Communication
GSAT-12 15th July 2011 PSLV-C17 Sriharikota Communication
Jugnu 12th October 2011 PSLV-C18 Sriharikota Student Satellite
RISAT-1 26th April 2012 PSLV-C19 Sriharikota Earth Observation Satellite
GSAT-10 29th September, 2012 Ariane-5 VA-209 Kourou Communication
SARAL 25th February 2013 PSLV-C20 Sriharikota Earth Observation Satellite
IRNSS-1A 1st July 2013 PSLV-C22 Sriharikota Navigation Satellite
INSAT-3D 26th July, 2013 Ariane-5 VA-214 Kourou Communication Disaster Management, Earth Observation Satellite
GSAT-7 30th August, 2013 Ariane-5 VA-215 Kourou Communication
MOM 5th November 2013 PSLV-C25 Sriharikota Geo-Stationary Satellite
GSAT-14 5th January 2014 GSLV-D5 Sriharikota Communication
IRNSS-18 4th April 2014 PSLV-24 Sriharikota Navigation
IRNSS-IC 16th October 2014 PSLV-C26 Sriharikota Navigation
GSAT-16 7th December 2014 Ariane-5 VA-221 Kourou Communication
GSAT-15 11th November 2015 Ariane-5 VA 227 Kourou Communication
GSAT-18 5th October 2016 Ariane-5 ECA Kourou Communication
Resourcesat-2A 7th December 2016 PSLV-C16 Sriharikota Remote Sensing
Cartosat-2 15th February 2017 PSLV-C37 Sriharikota Remote Sensing Satellite
GSAT-9 (also called South Asia Satellite)
5th May 2017 GSLV Mark-2 Sriharikota Communication Satellite
Cartosat-2 23rd June 2017 PSLV-C38 Sriharikota Remote Sensing Satellite
GSAT-17 29th June, 2017 Ariane-5 Kourou Communication Satellite
Cartosat-2 12th January 2018 PSLV-C40 Sriharikota Remote Sensing Satellite
GSAT-7A 19th December 2018 GSLV-F11 Sriharikota Communication Satellite
Kalamsat V2 25th January 2019 PSLV-C44 Sriharikota Communication Satellite (lightest satellite to be ever launched)
Chandrayaan-2 22nd July, 2019 GSLV MK-III-M1 Rocket
Sriharikota Lunar Mission
GSAT-30 17th January 2020 Ariane-5VA-251 Kourou Communication Satellite
Gaganyaan Mission
■ It is the first indigenous human space mission designed by ISRO, to be launched in 2022.
■ Under this mission, three Indian astronauts (Gaganyatris) will be taken to space onboard
Gaganyaan spacecraft by 2022.
